NT-07 1 Corinthians
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IGGERET SHA'UL HA-SHALIACH HA-RISHONAH EL-HA-KORINTIYIM
Letter of Saul (Paul) the Sent One, the First, to the Corinthians
Brief notes on Hebrew pronunciation
and translation can be found at GLOSSARY [♦] See FOOTNOTES
"Adonai" is reserved to refer to YHWH. "Ha-Adon" may be ambiguous for YHWH or Yeshua.
PEREQ א
CHAPTER 1 1:1Sha'ul, called to be a shaliach of Yeshua ha-Mashiach through the will of Elohim, and our ach Sōsthenēs,
1:2el`adat Elohim asher b'Korinthos; those who are sanctified ba-Mashiach Yeshua, called to be k'doshim, with all who call b'shem Adoneinu Yeshua ha-Mashiach b'khol maqom, both theirs and ours:
1:3Chesed to you[♦]v'shalom from Elohim Avinu v'Adoneinu Yeshua ha-Mashiach.
1:4
I always thank my Elohim concerning you, for ha-chesed Elohim which was given you ba-Mashiach Yeshua;
5
that in everything you were enriched in him, in all speech and all knowledge;
6
even as `edut ha-Mashiach was confirmed in you:
7
so that you come behind in no charisma; waiting for hitgalut Adoneinu Yeshua ha-Mashiach;
8
who will also confirm you until ha-qetz, blameless b'yom Adoneinu Yeshua ha-Mashiach.
9Ne'eman hu ha-Elohim, through whom you were called into the koinonia[♦]b'no, Yeshua ha-Mashiach Adoneinu.
1:10
Now I beg you, achim, b'shem Adoneinu, Yeshua ha-Mashiach, that you all speak the same thing and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be perfected together in the same mind and in the same opinion.
11
For it has been reported to me concerning you, my achim, by those of Chloe, that there are contentions among you.
12
Now I mean this, that each one of you says, "I follow Sha'ul," "I follow Apollōs," "I follow Kefa," and, "I follow Mashiach."
13
Is Mashiach divided? Was Sha'ul hung on a stake for you? Or were you immersed l'shem Sha'ul?
14
I thank Elohim that I immersed none of you, except Krispos v'et Gaios,
15
so that no one should say that I had immersed you into my own name.
16
(I also immersed beit Stefanas; besides them, I don't know whether I immersed any other.)
17
For Mashiach sent me not to immerse, but to preach ha-B'sorah -- not in chokhmat d'varim, so that the stake of Mashiach wouldn't be made void.
1:18Ki d'var of the stake is foolishness to those who are dying, but to us who are saved it is the power of Elohim.
19Ki katuv, "I will destroy chokhmat chakhamim, I will bring the discernment of the discerning to nothing."[A]20
Where is chakham? Where is Sofer? Where is the disputer of `olam hazeh? Hasn't Elohim made foolish chokhmat ha`olam hazeh?
21
For seeing that in chokhmat ha-Elohim, ha`olam through its chokhmah didn't know Elohim, it was the good pleasure of Elohim through the foolishness of the preaching to save ha-ma'aminim.
22
For Y'hudim ask for otot, Y'vanim seek after chokhmah,
23
but we preach Mashiach put to death; a stumbling block to Y'hudim, and foolishness to goyim,
24
but to those who are called, gam Y'hudim gam Y'vanim, Mashiach is the power of Elohim v'chokhmat Elohim.
25
Because the foolishness of Elohim is wiser than adam, and the weakness of Elohim is stronger than adam.
1:26
For you see your calling, achim, that not many are chakhamim according to ha-basar, not many mighty, and not many noble;
27
but Elohim chose the foolish things of ha`olam that ha-chakhamim might be put to shame. Elohim chose the weak things of ha`olam, that he might put to shame ha-chazakim;
28
and Elohim chose the lowly things of ha`olam, and the things that are despised, and the things that are not, that he might bring to nothing the things that are:
29
that no basar should boast before Elohim.
30
But of him, you are in Mashiach Yeshua, who was made to us chokhmah from Elohim, and tz'dakah and sanctification, and g'ullah:
31va'y'hi ka-katuv, "He who boasts, let him boast ba-YHWH."[B]
[A] (19) Is. 29:14.
[B] (31) Jer. 9:24.
PEREQ ב
CHAPTER 2 2:1
When I came to you, achim, I didn't come with excellence of speech or of chokhmah, proclaiming to you ha`edut Elohim.
2
For I determined not to know anything among you, except Yeshua ha-Mashiach, and him put to death.
3
I was with you in weakness, in fear, and in much trembling.
4
My speech and my preaching were not in persuasive words of chokhmat adam, but in demonstration of ha-Ruach and of power,
5
that your emunah wouldn't stand in chokhmat adam, but in the power of Elohim.
2:6
We speak chokhmah, however, among those who are full grown; yet a chokhmah not of `olam hazeh, nor of the sarim of `olam hazeh, who are coming to nothing.
7
But we speak chokhmat Elohim ba sod, ha-chokhmah that has been hidden, which Elohim foreordained before ha`olam to our kavod,
8
which none of the sarim of `olam hazeh have known. For had they known it, they wouldn't have put to death ha-Adon kavod.
9
But ka-katuv, "Things which eye didn't see, and ear didn't hear, which didn't enter al-lev ish, whatever things Elohim prepared for those who love him."[A]10
But to us, Elohim revealed them through ha-Ruach; ki ha-ruach searches all (things), yes, the deep things of Elohim.
11
For who among b'nei adam knows the things of adam, except ruach ha-adam, which is in him? Even so, no one knows the things of Elohim, except Ruach Elohim.
12
But we received, not ruach ha`olam, but ha-Ruach which is from Elohim, that we might know the things that were freely given to us by Elohim.
13
Which things also we speak, not in d'varim which chokhmat adam teaches, but which Ruach ha-Kodesh teaches, comparing spiritual things with spiritual things.
2:14
Now the natural man doesn't receive the things of Ruach ha-Elohim, for they are foolishness to him, and he can't know them, because they are spiritually discerned.
15
But he who is spiritual discerns all (things), and he himself is judged by no one.
16
"For who has known Ruach YHWH, that he should instruct him?"[B] But we have the mind of Mashiach.
[A] (9) Is. 64:4.
[B] (16) Is. 40:13.
PEREQ ג
CHAPTER 3 3:1Achim, I couldn't speak to you as to spiritual, but as to fleshly, as to babies ba-Mashiach.
2
I gave you milk to drink, not food; for you weren't yet ready. Indeed, not even now are you ready,
3
for you are still fleshly. For insofar as there is jealousy, strife, and dissension among you, aren't you fleshly, and don't you walk according to adam?
4
For when one says, "I follow Sha'ul," and another, "I follow Apollōs," aren't you ba-basar?
3:5
What then is Apollōs, and what is Sha'ul, but shamashim through whom you believed; and each as Adonai gave to him?
6
I planted, Apollōs watered, but Elohim gave the increase.
7
So then neither he who plants is anything, nor he who waters, but Elohim who gives the increase.
8
Now he who plants and he who waters are the same, but each will receive his own reward according to his own labor.
9
For we are fellow workers of Elohim. You are the farm of Elohim, the building of Elohim.
3:10
According to chesed Elohim which was given to me, as a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another builds on it. But let each man be careful how he builds on it.
11
For no one can lay any other foundation than that which has been laid,[A] which is Yeshua ha-Mashiach.
12
But if anyone builds on the foundation with zahav, kesef, costly stones, wood, hay, or stubble;
13ma`aseh kol-ish will be revealed. Ki ha-yom will declare it, because it is revealed ba-esh; and ha-esh itself will test what sort of work each man's work is.
14
If any man's work remains which he built on it, he will receive a reward.
15
If any man's work is burned, he will suffer loss, but he himself will be saved, but as me-esh.
3:16
Don't you know that you are a Mishkan Elohim, and that Ruach Elohim lives in you?[♦]17
If anyone destroys Mishkan Elohim, Elohim will destroy him; ki Mishkan Elohim (is) kadosh, which you are.
3:18
Let no one deceive himself. If anyone thinks that he is chakham among you ba`olam hazeh, let him become a fool, that he may become chakham.
19Ki-chokhmat ha`olam is foolishness with Elohim. Ka-katuv, "He has taken ha-chakhamim in their craftiness."
[B]20
And again, "YHWH knows the reasoning of chakhamim, that it is worthless."[C]21
Therefore, let no one boast in b'nei adam. For all (things) are yours,
22im-Sha'ul im-Apollōs v'im-Kefa im'ha`olam, im-chayyim v'im-ha-mavet, or things present, or things to come. All (things) are yours,
23
and you are of Mashiach, and Mashiach is of Elohim.
[A] (11) Is. 28:16.
[B] (19) Job 5:13.
[C] (20) Ps. 94:11.
PEREQ ד
CHAPTER 4 4:1
So let a man think of us as `avadim Mashiach, and stewards of sodot Elohim.
2
Here, moreover, it is required of stewards, that they be found ne'eman.
3
But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you, or by any court* of adam. Yes, I don't judge my own self.
4
For I know nothing against myself. Yet I am not justified by this, but he who judges me is Adonai.
5
Therefore judge nothing before the time, until ha-Adon comes, who will both bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and reveal the counsels of ha-l'vavot. Then kol ish will get his praise from Elohim.
4:6
Now these things, achim, I have in a figure transferred to myself and Apollōs for your sakes, that in us you might learn not to think beyond the things which are written, that none of you be puffed up against one another.
7
For who makes you different? And what do you have that you didn't receive? But if you did receive it, why do you boast as if you had not received it?
4:8
You are already filled. You have already become rich. You have come to reign without us. Yes, and I wish that you did reign, that we also might reign with you.
9
For I think that Elohim has displayed us, ha-sh'lichim, last of all, like men sentenced la-mavet. For we are made a spectacle to ha`olam, both to mal'akhim and b'nei adam.
10
We are fools for the sake of Mashiach, but you are chakhamim b'Mashiach. We are weak, but you are strong. You have honor, but we have dishonor.
11
Even to this present hour we hunger, thirst, are naked, are beaten, and have no certain dwelling place.
12
We toil, working with our own hands. Being reviled, we bless. Being persecuted, we endure.
13
Being defamed, we entreat. We are made as the filth of ha`olam, the dirt wiped off by all, even until now.
4:14
I don't write these things to shame you, but to admonish you as my beloved y'ladim.
15
For though you have ten thousand morim ba-Mashiach, yet not many avot. For in Mashiach Yeshua, I became avikhem through ha-B'sorah.
16
I beg you therefore, be imitators of me.
17
Because of this I have sent Timotheos to you, who is my beloved yeled, ne'eman ba-Adon, who will remind you of my ways which are in Mashiach, even as I teach everywhere in kol `edah.
18
Now some are puffed up, as though I were not coming to you.
19
But I will come to you shortly, if Adonai is willing. And I will know, not ha-davar of those who are puffed up, but the power.
20Ki Malkhut ha-Elohim is not in davar, but in power.
21
What do you want? Shall I come to you with a rod, or in ahavah and a ruach of gentleness?
* (3) lit. "day"
PEREQ ה
CHAPTER 5 5:1
It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you, and such sexual immorality as is not even named among ha-goyim, that one has eshet aviv.
2
You are puffed up, and didn't rather mourn, that he who had done this deed might be removed from among you.
5:3
For I most assuredly, as being absent in body but present in ruach, have already, as though I were present, judged him who has done this thing.
4
In the name of Adoneinu Yeshua ha-Mashiach, you being gathered together, and my ruach, with the power of Adoneinu Yeshua ha-Mashiach,
5
are to deliver such a one to ha-satan[A] for the destruction of ha-basar, that ha-ruach may be saved b'yom ha-Adon.
5:6
Your boasting is not good. Don't you know that a little s'or leavens the whole lump?
7
Purge out the old s'or, that you may be a new lump, even as you are matzah. For indeed Mashiach, our Pesach, has been sacrificed in our place.
8
Therefore, let us keep ha-chag, not with old s'or, neither with s'or of malice and wickedness, but with ha-matzah of sincerity and emet.
5:9
I wrote to you in my iggeret to have no company with sexual chatta'im;
10
yet not at all meaning with the sexual chatta'im of `olam hazeh, or with the covetous and extortioners, or with idolaters; for then you would have to leave ha`olam.
11
But as it is, I wrote to you not to keep company, if any man who is named an ach is a sexual chatta, or covetous, or an idolater, or a slanderer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner. Don't even eat with such a person.
12
For what have I to do with also judging those who are outside? Don't you judge those who are within?
13
But those who are outside, Elohim judges. "Put away the wicked man from among yourselves."[B]
[A] (5) See glossary.
[B] (13) Deut. 13:5.
PEREQ ו
CHAPTER 6 6:1
Dare any of you, having a matter against his neighbor, be judged before the unrighteous, and not before ha-k'doshim?
2
Don't you know that ha-k'doshim will judge ha`olam? And if ha`olam is judged by you, are you unworthy to judge the smallest matters?
3
Don't you know that we will judge mal'akhim? How much more, things that pertain to this life?
4
If then, you have to judge things pertaining to this life, do you set them to judge who are of no account ba`edah?
5
I say this to move you to shame. What, can't there be one chakham among you who will be able to decide between his achim;
6
but ach is judged with ach, and that before unbelievers?
6:7
Therefore it is already altogether a defect in you, that you have lawsuits one with another. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be defrauded?
8
No, but you yourselves do wrong, and defraud, and that against your achim.
6:9
Or don't you know that the unrighteous will not inherit Malkhut ha-Elohim? Don't be deceived. Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor male prostitutes, nor homosexuals,[♦]10
nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor slanderers, nor extortioners will inherit Malkhut ha-Elohim.
11
Such were some of you, but you were washed. But you were sanctified. But you were justified b'shem ha-Adon Yeshua u'v'Ruach Eloheinu.
6:12
(You say,*) "All (things) are lawful for me," but not all (things) are expedient. (You say,) "All (things) are lawful for me," but I will not be brought under the power of anything.
13
(You say,) "Foods for the belly, and the belly for foods," but Elohim will bring to nothing both it and them. But ha-guf is not for sexual immorality, but for ha-Adon; and ha-Adon la-guf.
14
Now Elohim raised up ha-Adon, and will also raise us up by his power.
15
Don't you know that your gufim are members of Mashiach? Shall I then take away the members of Mashiach, and make them members of a prostitute? Chalilah!
16
Or don't you know that he who is joined to a prostitute is guf echad? For, "The two," says he, "will become basar echad."[A]17
But he who is joined to ha-Adon; ruach echad hu with him.
18
Flee sexual immorality! "Kol-chet that a man does is outside ha-guf," but he who commits sexual immorality sins against his own body.
19
Or don't you know that your body is a mishkan Ruach ha-Kodesh which is in you, which you have from Elohim? You are not your own,
20
for you were bought with a price. Therefore, glorify Elohim in your body and in your ruach, which belong to Elohim.
* (12) "You say" throughout per NLT, CJB, NIV, Contemporary Eng. Ver.
[A] (16) Gen. 2:24.
PEREQ ז
CHAPTER 7 7:1
Now concerning the things about which you wrote to me: it is good for an ish not to touch an ishshah.
2
But, because of sexual immoralities, let each ish have his own ishshah, and let each ishshah have her own ba`al.
3
Let ha-ish render to his ishshah the affection owed her, and likewise also ha-ishshah to her ba`al.
4Ha-ishshah doesn't have authority over her own body, but ha-ish. Likewise also ha-ish doesn't have authority over his own body, but ha-ishshah.
5
Don't deprive one another, unless it is by consent for a season, that you may give yourselves to fasting and t'fillah, and may be together again, that ha-satan doesn't tempt you because of your lack of self-control.
6
But this I say by way of concession, not of mitzvah.
7
Yet I wish that kol adam were like me. However, each has his own charisma from ha-Elohim, one of this kind, and another of that kind.
7:8
But I say to the unmarried and to widows, it is good for them if they remain even as I am.
9
But if they don't have self-control, let them marry, for it's better to marry than to burn.
7:10
But to the married I command -- not I, but ha-Adon -- that ha-ishshah not leave her ish11
(but if she departs, let her remain unmarried, or else be reconciled to her ish), and that ha-ish not leave ishah.
7:12
But to the rest I -- not ha-Adon -- say, if any ach has an unbelieving ishshah, and she is content to live with him, let him not leave her.
13Ha-ishshah who has an unbelieving ish, and he is content to live with her, let her not leave her ish.
14
For the unbelieving ish is sanctified by ishah, and the unbelieving ishshah is sanctified in ha-ish. Otherwise your y'ladim would be t'me'im, but now are they q'doshim.
15
Yet if the unbeliever departs, let there be separation. Ha-ach o ha-achot is not under bondage in such cases, but Elohim has called us in shalom.
16
For how do you know, ishshah, whether you will save your ish? Or how do you know, ish, whether you will save your ishshah?
7:17
Only, as ha-Adon has distributed to each, as ha-Adon has called each, so let him walk. So I command in kol ha`edot.
18
Was anyone called being circumcised? Let him not become uncircumcised. Has any been called in uncircumcision? Let him not be circumcised.
19Ha-mulah is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of mitzvot Elohim.
20
Let each stay in that calling in which he was called.
21
Were you called being an `eved? Don't let that bother you, but if you get an opportunity to become free, use it.
22
For he who was called ba-Adon being an `eved is a free man of ha-Adon. Likewise he who was called, being free, `eved hu la-Mashiach.
23
You were bought with a price. Don't become `avdei b'nei adam.
24Achim, let each, in whatever condition he was called, stay in that condition with Elohim.
7:25
Now concerning b'tulot, I have no mitzvah mi-pi ha-Adon, but I give my decision as one who has obtained mercy from ha-Adon to be ne'eman.
26
I think that it is good, therefore, because of the distress that is on us, that it is good for an ish to be as he is.
27
Are you bound to an ishshah? Don't seek to be freed. Are you free from an ishshah? Don't seek an ishshah.
28
But if you marry, you have not sinned. If a b'tulah marries, she has not sinned. Yet such will have oppression ba-basar, and I want to spare you.
29
But I say this, achim: the time is short, that from now on, both those who have nashim may be as though they had none;
30
and those who weep, as though they didn't weep; and those who rejoice, as though they didn't rejoice; and those who buy, as though they didn't possess;
31
and those who use ha`olam, as not using it to the fullest. For the mode of `olam hazeh passes away.
7:32
But I desire to have you to be free from cares. He who is unmarried is concerned for the things of ha-Adon, how he may please ha-Adon;
33
but he who is married is concerned about the things of ha`olam, how he may please his ishshah.
34
There is also a difference between an ishshah and a b'tulah. The unmarried ishshah cares about the things of ha-Adon, that she may be kadosh both ba-guf and ba-ruach. But she who is married cares about the things of ha`olam -- how she may please her ish.
35
This I say for your own profit; not that I may throw a snare on you, but for that which is appropriate, and that you may attend to ha-Adon without distraction.
7:36
But if any man thinks that he is behaving inappropriately toward his b'tulah, if she is past the flower of her age, and if need so requires, let him do what he desires. He doesn't sin. Let them marry.
37
But he who stands steadfast in his heart, having no necessity, but has power over his own heart, to keep his own b'tulah, will do well.
38
So then both he who gives his own b'tulah in marriage does well, and he who doesn't give her in marriage will do better.
7:39Ha-ishshah is bound by Torah for as long as her ba`al lives; but if ha-ba`al is dead, she is free to be married to whomever she desires, only ba-Adon.
40
But she is happier if she stays as she is, in my opinion, and I think that I also have Ruach Elohim.
PEREQ ח
CHAPTER 8 8:1
Now concerning things sacrificed to idols: We know that we all have knowledge. Knowledge puffs up, but ahavah builds up.
2
But if anyone thinks that he knows anything, he doesn't yet know as he ought to know.
3
But if anyone loves Elohim, the same is known by him.
8:4
So concerning the eating of things sacrificed to idols, we know that no idol is anything in ha`olam, and that there is no other Elohim but echad.
5
For though there are things that are called "elohim," im-ba-shamayim im-ba-aretz; as there are "elohim rabbim " and "adonim rabbim;"
6
yet to us there is El echad, ha-Av, out of whom are all (things), and for whom we exist;*[♦] and Adon echad, Yeshua ha-Mashiach, through whom are all (things), and through whom we exist.*[♦]
8:7
However, that knowledge isn't in all. But some, being used until now to the idol, eat as of a thing sacrificed to an idol, and their conscience, being weak, is defiled.
8
But food will not commend us to Elohim, for neither, if we don't eat, are we the worse; nor, if we eat, are we the better.
9
But be careful that by any means this liberty of yours doesn't become a stumbling block to the weak.
10
For if someone sees you who have knowledge sitting in an idol's temple, won't his conscience, if he is weak, be emboldened to eat things sacrificed to idols?
11
And through your knowledge, he who is weak perishes, ha-ach for whose sake Mashiach died.
12
Thus, sinning against ha-achim, and wounding their conscience when it is weak, you sin against Mashiach.
13
Therefore, if food causes achi to stumble, I will eat no basar l`olam, that I don't cause ach to stumble.
* ESV, NASB, RSV .
PEREQ ט
CHAPTER 9 9:1
Am I not free? Am I not a shaliach? Haven't I seen Yeshua ha-Mashiach, Adoneinu? Aren't you my work b'Adon?
2
If to others I am not a shaliach, yet at least I am to you; for you are the seal of my sh'lichut b'Adon.
9:3
My defense to those who examine me is this.
4
Have we no right to eat and to drink?
5
Have we no right to lead about an ishshah, an achot, even as the rest of ha-sh'lichim, and ha-achim of ha-Adon, and Kefa?
6
Or have only Bar-Nabba and I no right to not work?
7
What soldier ever serves at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard, and doesn't eat of its fruit? Or who feeds a flock, and doesn't drink from the flock's milk?
9:8
Do I speak these things according to the ways of adam? Or doesn't ha-Torah also say the same thing?
9Ki katuv b'Torat Mosheh, "You shall not muzzle the ox when he treads out the grain."[A] Is it for the oxen that ha-Elohim cares,
10
or does he say it assuredly for our sake? Yes, for our sake it was written, because he who plows ought to plow in tikvah, and he who threshes in tikvah should partake of his tikvah.
11
If we sowed to you spiritual things, is it a great thing if we reap your fleshly things?
12
If others partake of this right over you, don't we yet more?
Nevertheless we did not use this right, but we bear all (things), that we may cause no hindrance l'v'sorat ha-Mashiach.
13
Don't you know that those who serve around sacred things eat from the things of ha-Mikdash, and those who wait on ha-mizbeach have their portion with ha-mizbeach?
14
Even so ha-Adon ordained that those who proclaim ha-B'sorah should live from ha-B'sorah.[♦][B]
9:15
But I have used none of these things, and I don't write these things that it may be done so in my case; for I would rather die, than that anyone should make my boasting void.
16
For if I preach ha-B'sorah, I have nothing to boast about; for necessity is laid on me; but woe is to me, if I don't preach ha-B'sorah.
17
For if I do this of my own will, I have a reward. But if not of my own will, I have a stewardship entrusted to me.
18
What then is my reward? That when I preach ha-B'sorah, I may present B'sorat ha-Mashiach without charge, so as not to abuse my authority ba-B'sorah.
9:19
For though I was free from all, I brought myself under bondage to all, that I might gain the more.
20La-Y'hudim I became as a Y'hudi, that I might gain Y'hudim; to those who are under ha-Torah, as under ha-Torah, that I might gain those who are under ha-Torah;
21
to those who are without Torah, as without Torah (not being without Torah toward Elohim, but under Torah toward ha-Mashiach), that I might win those who are without Torah.
22
To the weak I became as weak, that I might gain the weak. I have become all (things) to all, that I may by all means save some.
23
Now I do this for the sake of ha-B'sorah, that I may be a joint partaker of it.
9:24
Don't you know that those who run in a race all run, but one receives the prize? Run like that, that you may win.
25
Every man who strives in the games exercises self-control in all (things). Now they do it to receive a corruptible crown, but we an incorruptible.
26
I therefore run like that, as not uncertainly. I fight like that, as not beating the air,
27
but I beat my body and bring it into submission, for fear that by any means, that after I have preached to others, I myself should be rejected.
[A] (9) Deut. 25:4.
[B] (14) Matt. 10:8-10; Luke 10:4-7.
PEREQ י
CHAPTER 10 10:1
Now I would not have you ignorant, achim, that avoteinu were all under the cloud, and all passed through ha-yam;
2
and were all immersed into Mosheh in the cloud and in ha-yam;
3
and all ate the same spiritual food;
4
and all drank the same spiritual drink, for they drank of a spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Mashiach.
5
However, with most of them, Elohim was not well pleased, for they were overthrown ba-midbar.
10:6
Now these things were our examples, to the intent we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted.
7
Neither be idolaters, as some of them were. As it is written, "Ha`am sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to laugh[♦]."[A]8
Neither let us commit sexual immorality, as some of them committed, and in one day twenty-three thousand fell.
9
Neither let us test Adonai, as some of them tested, and perished by ha-n'chashim.
10
Neither grumble, as some of them also grumbled, and perished by the destroyer.
11
Now all these (things) happened to them by way of example, and they were written for our admonition, on whom kitzei ha`olamim has come.
12
Therefore, let him who thinks he stands be careful that he doesn't fall.
13
No temptation has taken you but such as ben adam can bear. Ne'eman hu ha-Elohim, who will not allow you to be tempted above what you are able, but will with the temptation also make the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it.
10:14
Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
15
I speak as to sensible men. Judge what I say.
16
The cup of blessing which we bless, isn't it a koinonia[♦] of dam Mashiach? Ha-lechem which we break, isn't it a koinonia[♦] of guf ha-Mashiach?
17
Because we, who are many, are lechem echad, guf echad; for we all partake of lechem ha-echad.
18
Consider Yisra'el after ha-basar. Don't those who eat the sacrifices have koinonia with ha-mizbeach?
19
What am I saying then? That a thing sacrificed to idols is anything, or that an idol is anything?
20
But I say that the things which ha-goyim sacrifice, they sacrifice la-shedim, v'lo l'Elohim, and I don't desire that you would have koinonia with shedim.
21
You can't drink of kos ha-Adon v'gam kos ha-shedim. You can't partake of shulchan ha-Adon v'gam shulchan ha-shedim.
22
Or do we provoke ha-Adon to jealousy? Are we stronger than he?
10:23
"All (things) are permitted to me," but not all (things) are profitable. "All (things) are permitted to me," but not all (things) build up.
24
Let no one seek his own, but each one his neighbor's good.
25
Whatever is sold in the butcher shop, eat, asking no question for the sake of conscience,
26
for "la-YHWH (is) ha-aretz, and its fullness."[B]27
But if one of those who don't believe invites you to a meal, and you are inclined to go, eat whatever is set before you, asking no questions for the sake of conscience.
28
But if anyone says to you, "This was offered to idols," don't eat it for the sake of the one who told you, and for the sake of conscience. For "la-YHWH (is) ha-aretz, and all its fullness."[B]29
Conscience, I say, not your own, but the other's conscience. For why is my liberty judged by another's conscience?
30
If I partake with thankfulness, why am I denounced for that for which I give thanks?
10:31
Whether therefore you eat, or drink, or whatever you do, do all to kavod Elohim.
32
Give no occasions for stumbling, either to Y'hudim or to Y'vanim or to ha`edat Elohim;
33 even as I also please all in all (things), not seeking my own profit, but the profit of the many, that they may be saved.
[A] (7) Ex. 32:6.
[B] (26, 28) Ps. 24:1.
PEREQ יא
CHAPTER 11 11:1
Be imitators of me, even as I also am of Mashiach.
11:2
Now I praise you, achim, that you remember me in all (things), and hold firm ha-kabbalot, even as I delivered them to you.
3
But I would have you know that rosh kol ish (is) ha-Mashiach, v'rosh ha-ishshah (is) ha-ish, v'rosh ha-Mashiach hu ha-Elohim.
4Kol ish praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonors his head.
5
But every ishshah praying or prophesying with her head unveiled dishonors her head. For it is one and the same thing as if she were shaved.
6
For if an ishshah is not covered, let her also be shorn. But if it is shameful for an ishshah to be shorn or shaved, let her be covered.
7
For an ish indeed ought not to have his head covered, because he is tselem Elohim and his kavod, but ha-ishshah hi kavod ha-ish.
8Ki ein ha-ish min-ha-ishshah, ki im-ha-ishshah min-ha-ish;
9
for neither was ha-ish created for ha-ishshah, but ha-ishshah for ha-ish.
10
For this cause ha-ishshah ought to have authority on her head, because of ha-mal'akhim.
11
Nevertheless, neither ishshah without ish, nor ish without ishshah ba-Adon.
12
For as ha-ishah is from ha-ish, so also is ha-ish through ha-ishshah; but all (things) are from Elohim.
13
Judge for yourselves. Is it appropriate that an ishshah pray to Elohim uncovered?
14 Doesn't even nature itself teach you that if an ish has long hair, it is a dishonor to him?
15
But if an ishshah has long hair, it is a glory to her, for her hair is given to her instead of a veil.
16
But if any ish seems to be contentious, we have no such custom, neither do ha`edot Elohim.
11:17
But in giving you this order, I don't praise you, that you come together not for the better but for the worse.
18
For first of all, when you come together in ha`edah, I hear that divisions exist among you, and I partly believe it.
19
For there also must be factions among you, that those who are approved may be revealed among you.
20
So when you assemble yourselves together, it is not possible to eat the supper of ha-Adon.
21
For in your eating each one takes his own supper before others. One is hungry, and another is drunken.
22
What, don't you have batim to eat and to drink in? Or do you despise ha`edot Elohim, and put them to shame who don't have? What shall I tell you? Shall I praise you? In this I don't praise you.
11:23
For I received from ha-Adon that which also I delivered to you, that ha-Adon Yeshua ba-lailah in which he was betrayed took lechem.
24
When he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "Take, eat. This is my body, which is broken on behalf of you. Do this in memory of me."
25
In the same way he also took the cup after supper, saying, "This cup is ha-b'rit ha-chadashah in my dam. Do this, as often as you drink, in memory of me."
26
For as often as you eat ha-lechem hazeh and drink ha-kos hazot, you proclaim mut ha-Adon until he comes.
11:27
Therefore whoever eats ha-lechem hazeh or drinks mi-kos ha-Adon in an unworthy manner will be guilty
of guf ha-Adon and ha-dam.
28
But let an ish examine himself, and so let him eat of ha-lechem, and drink of ha-kos.
29
For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy manner eats and drinks mishpat to himself, if he doesn't discern guf ha-Adon.
30
For this cause many among you are weak and sickly, and many sleep.
31
For if we discerned ourselves, we wouldn't be judged.
32
But when we are judged, we are punished by YHWH, that we may not be condemned with ha`olam.
11:33
Therefore, my achim, when you come together to eat, wait one for another.
34
But if anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, that your coming together may not be to condemnation. The rest I will set in order whenever I come.
PEREQ יב
CHAPTER 12 12:1
Now concerning spiritual (things[A]), achim, I don't want you to be ignorant.
2
You know that when you were goyim, you were led away to those mute idols, however you might be led.
3
Therefore I make known to you that no man speaking by Ruach Elohim says, "Yeshua is anathema."[♦] No one can say, "Yeshua is Adon," but by Ruach ha-Kodesh.
12:4
Now there are various kinds of charismaton, but the same Ruach.
5
There are various kinds of service, but echad hu ha-Adon.
6
There are various kinds of workings, but the same Elohim, who works all (things) in all.
7
But to each one is given the manifestation of ha-Ruach for the profit of all.
8
For to one is given through ha-Ruach ha-davar chokhmah, and to another ha-davar of knowledge, according to the same Ruach;
9
to another emunah, by the same Ruach; and to another charismata of healings, by the same Ruach;
10
and to another workings of miracles; and to another n'vuah; and to another discerning of ruchot; to another different kinds of l'shonot; and to another the interpretation of l'shonot.
11
But the one and the same Ruach works all of these, distributing to each one separately as he desires.
12:12
For as the body is echad, and has many members, and all the members of the body, being many, are guf echad; so also is Mashiach.
13Ki b'ruach echad we were all immersed into guf echad, im-Y'hudim im-Y'vanim, whether bond or free; and were all made to drink into Ruach echad.
12:14
For ha-guf is not one member, but many.
15
If the foot would say, "Because I'm not the hand, I'm not part of ha-guf," it is not therefore not part of ha-guf?
16
If the ear would say, "Because I'm not the eye, I'm not part of ha-guf," is it not therefore part of ha-guf?
17
If the whole body were an eye, where would the hearing be? If the whole were hearing, where would the smelling be?
18
But now Elohim has set the members, each one of them, ba-guf, just as he desired.
19
If they were all one member, where would the body be?
20
But now they are many members, but one body.
21Ha`ayin can't tell ha-yad, "I have no need for you," or again ha-rosh to the feet, "I have no need for you."
22
No, much rather, those members of ha-guf which seem to be weaker are necessary.
23
Those parts of ha-guf which we think to be less honorable, on those we bestow more abundant honor; and our unpresentable parts have more abundant propriety;
24
whereas our presentable parts have no such need. But Elohim composed ha-guf together, giving more abundant honor to the inferior part,
25
that there should be no division in ha-guf, but that the members should have the same care for one another.
26
When one member suffers, all the members suffer with it. Or when one member is honored, all the members rejoice with it.
12:27
Now you are guf ha-Mashiach, and members individually.
28Elohim has set some in ha`edah, first sh'lichim, secondly n'vi'im, thirdly morim, then miracle workers, then charismata of healings, helps, governments, and various kinds of l'shonot.
29
Are all sh'lichim? Are all n'vi'im? Are all morim? Are all miracle workers?
30
Do all have charismata of healings? Do all speak with various l'shonot? Do all interpret?
31
But desire earnestly the best charismata. And yet I show a most excellent way to you.
[A] (1) See Romans 12:6N.
PEREQ יג
CHAPTER 13 13:1
If I speak bi'l'shonot anashim u'mal'akhim, but don't have ahavah, I have become sounding n'choshet, or a clanging cymbal.
2
If I have (the gift of) n'vuah, and know kol ha-sodot and all knowledge; and if I have kol ha-emunah, so as to remove harim, but don't have ahavah, I am nothing.
3
If I dole out all my goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but don't have ahavah, it profits me nothing.
4Ahavah is patient and is kind; ahavah doesn't envy. Ahavah doesn't brag, is not proud,
5
doesn't behave itself inappropriately, doesn't seek its own way, is not provoked, takes no account of evil;
6
doesn't rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices with ha-emet;
7
bears all (things), believes all (things), hopes all (things), endures all (things).
13:8Ahavah never fails. But where there are n'vuot, they will be done away with. Where there are various l'shonot, they will cease. Where there is knowledge, it will be done away with.
9
For we know in part, and we prophesy in part;
10
but when that which is complete has come, then that which is partial will be done away with.
11
When I was a child,[♦ et seq] I spoke as a child, I felt as a child, I thought as a child. Now that I have become a man, I have put away childish things.
12
For now we see in a mirror, dimly, but then pamim el-panim. Now I know in part, but then I will know fully, even as I have been fully known.
13
But now remain emunah, tikvah, v'ahavah: these three. Ha-g'dolah of these is ha-ahavah.
PEREQ יד
CHAPTER 14 14:1
Follow after ahavah, and earnestly desire spiritual (things), but especially that you may prophesy.
2
For he who speaks in (another) lashon speaks not l'adam, ki im-l'Elohim; for no one understands; but ba-ruach he speaks sodot.
3
But he who prophesies speaks to b'nei adam for their edification, exhortation, and consolation.
4
He who speaks in (another) lashon edifies himself, but he who prophesies edifies ha`edah.
5
Now I desire to have you all speak with (other) l'shonot, but rather that you would prophesy. For he is greater who prophesies than he who speaks with (other) l'shonot, unless he interprets, that ha`edah may be built up.
14:6
But now, achim, if I come to you speaking with (other) l'shonot, what would I profit you, unless I speak to you either b'hitgalut, or in knowledge, or in prophesying, or b'torah?
7
Even lifeless things, giving a voice, whether pipe or kinnor, if they didn't give a distinction in the sounds, how would it be known what is piped or harped?
8
For if ha-shofar gave an uncertain sound, who would prepare himself for war?
9
So also you, unless you uttered by ha-lashon d'varim easy to understand, how would it be known what is spoken? For you would be speaking into the air.
10
There are, it may be, so many kinds of qolot ba`olam, and none of them is without meaning.
11
If, then, I don't know the meaning of ha-qol, I would be to him who speaks a lo`az, and he who speaks would be a lo`az to me.
12
So also you, since you are zealous for spiritual things, seek that you may abound to the building up of ha`edah.
14:13
Therefore let him who speaks b'lashon pray that he may interpret.
14
For if I pray b'lashon, my ruach prays, but my understanding is unfruitful.
15
What is it then? I will pray with ha-ruach, and I will pray with the understanding also. I will sing with ha-ruach, and I will sing with the understanding also.
16
Else if you bless with ha-ruach, how will he who fills the place of the unlearned say the "Amein" at your giving of thanks,[A] seeing he doesn't know what you say?
17
For you most assuredly give thanks well, but the other person is not built up.
18
I thank my Elohim, I speak bi'l'shonot more than you all.
19
However ba`edah I would rather speak five d'varim with my understanding, that I might instruct others also, than ten thousand d'varim b'lashon.
14:20Achim, don't be y'ladim in thoughts, yet in malice be babies, but in thoughts be mature.
21Katuv ba-Torah, "B'lashon acheret and by other lips I will speak el-ha`am hazeh. Not even thus will they hear me, amar YHWH."[B]22
Therefore ha-l'shonot are for an ot, not to those who believe, but to the unbelieving; but prophesying is for an ot, not to the unbelieving, but to those who believe.
23
So if kol ha`edah is assembled together and all speak bi'l'shonot, and unlearned or unbelieving people come in, won't they say that you are crazy?
24
But if all prophesy, and someone unbelieving or unlearned comes in, he is reproved by all, and he is judged by all.
25
And thus the secrets of his heart are revealed. So he will fall down on his face and worship Elohim, declaring that Elohim is among you indeed.
14:26
What is it then, achim? When you come together, each one of you has a mizmor, has a torah, has a hitgalut, has a lashon, has an interpretation. Let all (things) be done to build each other up.
27
If any man speaks b'lashon, let it be two, or at the most three, and in turn; and let one interpret.
28
But if there is no interpreter, let him keep silence ba`edah, and let him speak to himself, and to Elohim.
29
Let ha-n'vi'im speak, two or three, and let the others discern.
30
But if a hitgalut is made to another sitting by, let the first keep silence.
31
For you all can prophesy one by one, that all may learn, and all may be exhorted.
32Ruchot ha-n'vi'im are subject to ha-n'vi'im,
33
for Elohim is not an Elohim of confusion, but of shalom.
As b'kol `edot ha-k'doshim,
34
let your nashim keep silence ba`edot, for it has not been permitted for them to speak; but let them be in subjection, as ha-Torah also says.[C]35
If they desire to learn anything, let them ask their own ba`alim at home, for it is shameful for an ishshah to speak ba`edah.[♦][D]36
What? Was it from you that ha-davar Elohim went forth? Or did it come to you alone?
14:37
If any man thinks himself to be a navi, or spiritual, let him recognize the things which I write to you, that they are mitzvot YHWH.
38
But if anyone is ignorant, let him be ignorant.
39
Therefore, achim, desire earnestly to prophesy, and don't forbid speaking with other l'shonot.
40
Let all (things) be done decently and in order.
[A] (16) Ps. 106:48.
[B] (21) Is. 28:11-12.
[C] (34) Gen. 3:16.
[D] (35) See 1 Tim. 2:12; Acts 18:26; Luke 2:36-38.
PEREQ טו
CHAPTER 15 15:1
Now I declare to you, achim, ha-B'sorah which I preached to you, which also you received, in which you also stand,
2
by which also you are saved, if you hold firmly ha-davar which I preached to you -- unless you believed in vain.
15:3
For I delivered to you first of all that which also I received: that Mashiach died for our chata'im according to ha-K'tuvim,
4
that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to ha-K'tuvim,[♦]5
and that he appeared to Kefa, then to the twelve.
6
Then he appeared to over five hundred achim at once, most of whom remain until now, but some have also fallen asleep.
7
Then he appeared to Ya'akov, then to kol ha-shl'ichim,
8
and last of all, as to an untimely birth, he appeared to me also.
9
For I am the least of ha-sh'lichim, who is not worthy to be called a shaliach, because I persecuted ha`edat Elohim.
10
But by chesed Elohim I am what I am. His chesed which was bestowed on me was not found vain, but I worked more than all of them; yet not I, but chesed Elohim which was with me.
11
Whether then it is I or they, so we preach, and so you believed.
15:12
Now if Mashiach is preached, that he has been raised from ha-metim, how do some among you say that there is no t'chiyat ha-metim?
13
But if there is no t'chiyat ha-metim, neither has Mashiach been raised.
14
If Mashiach has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain, and your emunah also is in vain.
15
Yes, we are found false `edot of Elohim, because we testified about Elohim that he raised up Mashiach, whom he didn't raise up, if it is so that ha-metim are not raised.
16
For if ha-metim are not raised, neither has Mashiach been raised.
17
If Mashiach has not been raised, your emunah is vain; you are still in your chata'im.
18
Then they also who are fallen asleep ba-Mashiach have perished.
19
If we have only hoped in Mashiach ba-chayim ha-eleh, we are of kol b'nei adam most pitiable.
15:20
But now Mashiach has been raised from ha-metim. He became ha-bikkurim of those who are asleep.
21
For since ha-mavet came through adam, t'chiyat ha-metim also came by adam.
22
For as in Adam all die, so also in Mashiach all will be made alive.
23
But each in his own order: Mashiach ha-bikkurim, then those who are of Mashiach, at his coming.
24
Then ha-qetz comes, when he will deliver up ha-malkhut el-ha-Elohim ha-Av; when he will have abolished all rule and all authority and power.
25
For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet.
26
The last enemy that will be abolished is ha-mavet.
27
For, "He put all (things) in subjection under his feet."[A] But when he says, "All (things) are put in subjection," it is evident that he is excepted who subjected all (things) to him.
28
When all (things) have been subjected to him, then ha-Ben will also himself be subjected to him who subjected all (things) to him, that Elohim may be all (things) in all.
15:29
Or else what will they do who are immersed for ha-metim? If ha-metim aren't raised at all, why then are they immersed for ha-metim?
30
Why do we also stand in jeopardy every hour?
31
I die daily, by your boasting which I have in Mashiach Yeshua Adoneinu.
32
If I fought with animals at Efesos like men, what does it profit me? If ha-metim are not raised, then "let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die."[B]33
Don't be deceived! "Evil companionships corrupt good morals."[♦]34
Wake up righteously, and don't sin, for some have no knowledge of Elohim. I say this to your shame.
15:35
But some one will say, "How are ha-metim raised?" and, "With what kind of body do they come?"
36
You foolish one, that which you yourself sow is not made alive unless it dies.
37
That which you sow, you don't sow ha-guf that will be, but a bare grain, maybe of wheat, or of some other kind.
38
But Elohim gives it a guf even as it pleased him, and to each zera a guf of its own.
39Kol ha-basar is not the same basar, but there is one basar ha-adam, another basar ha-b'hemah, another of dagim, and another of birds.
40
There are also gufim shebashamayim, and gufot sheba'aretz; but k'vod ha-gufim shebashamayim differs from that of sheba'aretz.
41
There is one kavod (of) ha-shemesh, another kavod of the moon, and another kavod ha-cochavim; for one cochav differs from another cochav in kavod.
15:42
So also is t'chiyat ha-metim. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption.
43
It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in kavod. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power.
44
It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body and there is also a spiritual body.
45
So also it is written, Ha-adam hu adam ha-rishon l'nefesh chayyah.[C] The last Adam became a life-giving ruach.
46
However that which is spiritual isn't first, but that which is natural, then that which is spiritual.
47Ha-adam ha-rishon min-ha-adamah hu, made of dust. V'ha-adam ha-sheni hu ha-Adon min ha-shamayim.
48
As is the one made of dust, such are those who are also made of dust; and as is the one min ha-shamayim, such are they also that are min ha-shamayim.
49
As we have borne the image of those made of dust, let us also bear the image of the heavenly.
50
Now I say this, achim, that basar va-dam can't inherit malkhut ha-Elohim; neither does corruption inherit incorruption.
15:51Hinneh, I tell you a sod. We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed,
52
in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at ha-shofar ha-acharon. For ha-shofar will sound, and ha-metim will be raised incorruptible, and we will be changed.
53
For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.
54
But when this corruptible will have put on incorruption, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then what is written will happen: "Ha-mavet is swallowed up in victory."[D]55
"Ha-mavet, where is your sting? She'ol, where is your victory?"[E]56
The sting of ha-mavet hu ha-chet, and the power of chet hi ha-Torah.
57
But thanks be to Elohim, who gives us the victory through Adoneinu Yeshua ha-Mashiach.
15:58
Therefore, my beloved achim, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of ha-Adon, because you know that your labor is not in vain ba-Adon.
[A] (27) Ps. 8:6.
[B] (32) Is. 22:13.
[C] (45) Gen. 2:7.
[D] (54) Is. 25:8.
[E] (55) Hos. 13:14.
PEREQ טז
CHAPTER 16 16:1
Now concerning the kibbutz for ha-k'doshim, as I commanded ha-edot ba-Galatya, you do likewise.
2B'khol-echad ba-shabbat, let each one of you save, as he may prosper, that no collections be made when I come.[♦]3
When I arrive, I will send whoever you approve with iggrot to carry your kindness to Yerushalayim.
4
If it is appropriate for me to go also, they will go with me.
16:5
But I will come to you when I have passed through Makedonia, for I am passing through Makedonia.
6
But with you it may be that I will stay, or even winter, that you may send me on my journey wherever I go.
7
For I do not wish to see you now in passing, but I hope to stay a while with you, if Adonai permits.
8
But I will stay at Ephesos `ad Chag ha-Shavu`ot,
9
for a great and effective petach has opened to me, and there are many in opposition.
16:10
Now if Timotheos comes, see that he is with you without fear, for he does the work of ha-Adon, as I also do.
11
Therefore, let no one despise him. But set him forward on his journey b'shalom, that he may come to me; for I expect him with ha-achim.
16:12
But concerning Apollōs, ha-ach, I begged him much to come to you with ha-achim; and it was not all his desire to come now; but he will come when he has an opportunity.
16:13
Watch! Stand firm ba-emunah! Be men! Chazak!
14
Let all that you do be done in ahavah.
16:15
Now I beg you, achim (you know beit Stefanas, that it is ha-bikkurim Achaia, and that they have set themselves to minister to ha-k'doshim),
16
that you also be in subjection to such, and to everyone who helps in the work and labors.
17
I rejoice at the coming of Stefanas, Fortounatos, v'Achaikos; for that which was lacking on your part, they supplied.
18
For they refreshed my ruach and yours. Therefore acknowledge those who are like that.
16:19Ha`edot Asia greet you. Akulas u'Priska greet you much in ha-Adon, together with ha`edah that is in their bayit.
20Kol ha-achim greet you. Greet one another with a holy kiss.
16:21
This greeting is by me, Sha'ul, with my own hand.
22
If anyone doesn't love ha-Adon Yeshua ha-Mashiach, let him be anathema. Marana, tha![♦]23Chesed ha-Adon Yeshua ha-Mashiach be with you.
24
My ahavah to all of you ba-Mashiach Yeshua. Amein.
[♦]
1:3: "you" and "your" are plural, speaking to the congregation, not an individual, throughout the epistle except 15:15 and 16:10.
1:9: koinonia: see glossary.
6:9: homosexual, sodomite. Sodomite; Grk, arsenokoites (733a): male + bed. (See also Lev. 20:13.)
8:6: "exist." There is no Greek equivalent here. The interlinear of the Greek says "… to us one God the Father, of whom things all, and we for Him, and one Lord Iesous Christos, through whom things all, and we by Him."
9:13-14: Those who served in the Temple received "wages" of food from the altar. Yeshua said to receive food and lodging. The disciples were to carry no purse. (Also see: Acts 20:34; 1 Thes. 2:9; 2 Thes. 3:8)
10:7: "rose up to laugh (tzachaq, 6711 [צחק]: to laugh, sport, mock, play)", root of Yitzchak (Isaac).
10:16: koinonia: see glossary.
12:3: Anathema.
13:11: "child", see Matt. 21:16N.
14:35: In 1 Tim. 2:12, Sha'ul took it upon himself to proclaim that women were not to teach men. That is contrary to what the other scriptures say.
15:3,4: "K'tuvim": The Greek does say "grafas" (writings), but footnotes in several versions refer to Isaiah 53:5-12, which is technically in the N'vi'im (prophets), which is a separate part of the Jewish Tanakh.
15:33: Quote from "Thais," a comedy by Menander. (JNTC).
16:2: "The first day of ha-shabbaton" = the first day of the week. Evidence that the day of worship had not been changed from the seventh-day Sabbath. Observant Y'hudim do not handle money on Shabbat.
16:22: Aramaic: Marana, tha - "our Lord, come," or Manran ata - "Our Lord has come" or "our Lord is coming." (Stern: Jewish New Testament Commentary, 1992, JNT Publications.
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